“我们开始,就从这儿,乌尔姆”--乌尔姆设计学院教育思想中的文化启蒙精神

“Fangen Wir an, Hier in Ulm”,Cultural Enlightment Spirit in Hochschule Fuer Gestaltung Ulm Educational Ideology

乌尔姆设计学院是二战后德国和欧洲现代设计教育的重镇。虽然学院只有短短的15年历史,但是其现代设计教育思想以及在这一思想背景下形成的"乌尔姆模式"在西方现代设计史上却具有重要地位。文章将目光投向乌尔姆设计学院的"前历史"及其教育思想的出发点,追溯学院设计教育思想中的文化启蒙精神,以及在这一精神根源下早期创立者们的设计教育实践。文章讨论了"白玫瑰"精神中的文化启蒙内涵,乌尔姆国民大学的文化启蒙活动,以及延续包豪斯理念的学院教育方案的形成过程。目前,学界对于乌尔姆设计学院教育思想中的文化启蒙精神的专门研究较少,尤其缺乏原始材料的支撑与梳理。文章作者通过赴德国实地调研和对原始档案与研究文献的整理,尝试从历史叙事和理论分析两个维度进行研究,为认识和借鉴德国现代设计思想与实践经验提供理论支撑。

Hochschule fuer Gestaltung Ulm takes the key position of modern design education in Germany and Europe after World War II. Although the college has a short history of only 15 years, its modern design education ideas and the "Ulm Model" formed under this ideological background have a vital status in the history of Western modern design. This article will focus on the "Pre-History" of Hochschule fuer Gestaltung Ulm and the starting point of its educational thought, trace the cultural enlightenment spirit in the school’s design education thought, and the early founders’ design education practice under this spiritual root. This paper discusses the cultural enlightenment connotation in "Wei?e Rose" spirit, the cultural enlightenment activities of Ulm National University, and the formation process of the college education program that continues the Bauhaus concept. For now, there are very few researches on the cultural enlightenment spirit in the educational thought of Hochschule fuer Gestaltung Ulm, especially lack supports and combing of the original materials. Through the Germany field investigation within original archives and research literature organization, the author trying to study from two dimensions of historical narrative and theoretical analysis, to provide theoretical support for understanding and reference of German modern design ideas and practical experience.