粮食主产区土地规模经营转型及应对策略——以河北省为例

Transformation of land scale management in major grain-producing areas and countermeasures——A case study of Hebei Province

发展适度规模经营是推进农业现代化的必由之路。河北平原区具备了土地连片规模经营的基础条件,实施土地规模经营已势在必行,但仍存在土地细碎化、农田基础设施特别是灌溉设施薄弱、土地流转进一步推动规模经营能力受限的问题。通过实地调研与访谈,分析了土地规模经营的现状,探索了土地规模经营的转型特征及驱动。研究表明,河北省土地规模经营正处在土地流转集中型向合作经营和社会服务型转型的阶段,规模经营形态逐渐由单纯的土地流转向土地流转和土地托管并存的形态转型,其转型过程受农业生产力发展、经营主体利益和农业生产服务体系等因素驱动。因此,针对现阶段的土地规模经营问题和转型特征,提出河北省应建立地块调换机制,促进土地集中;联动土地流转与土地整治,完善基础设施;以土地托管为引领,带动规模经营;发展土地流转适度规模经营等应对策略。

The only way to advance the agricultural modernization is to moderate the land scale management. The fundamental conditions of the land scale management are satisfied in the Hebei plain area. But there are some problems to be solved, such as the land fragmentation, the poor farmland infrastructure, especially, the irrigation facilities, and the limited capacity of the land transfer to further promote the scale operation. Therefore, it is desirable to analyze the land scale management states, the transformation characteristics and its drive force. It is shown that the land scale management goes from the land transfer concentration stage into the scale management and social service transition stage and the scale management form goes from the pure land transfer to the coexistence of the land transfer and the land trusteeship. The drive force is the development of the agricultural productive forces, the interests of the operating subjects and the service system of the agricultural production. Some suggestions for the present stage are made: The establishing of the land swap mechanism,the linkage of the land transfer and the land improvement, and the driving scale operation with the land trusteeship.