我国城乡社会保障制度的发展与演进——从“城乡二元”走向“城乡融合”

The Development and Evolution of China’s Urban-Rural Social Security System:From the“Dual structure”to the“Integrated Development”

一国社会保障制度模式的选择是与其政治、经济、社会等制度环境相匹配的,这就决定了社会保障不是一个静态的抽象概念,而是一个持续的动态调整过程。新中国成立以来,我国城乡社会保障制度发展可分为三个阶段:计划经济时期的城乡二元分割格局、配套经济体制改革时期的“立城缺乡”格局、独立社会政策时期的统筹城乡社会保障制度建设。与经济社会发展相匹配,我国城乡社会保障制度由“城乡二元”走向“城乡融合”发展。

The model of one country’s social security system is matched with its institutional enviroment including politics institution, economic institution, social institution and so on, which means that the social security system is not static and abstract, on the contrary, will adjusted with the economic and social reform continuourly and dynamicly. Since the foundation of New China, China’s social security development can be divided into three stages: the urban-rural dual structure in the planned economy period, building up the social security system in the urban areas in order to support the economic reform, the integrating rual-urban social security system in the period of its becoming the independent social policy. Matching with the economic and social development, China’s social security is transferred from the urban-rural dual structure to the urban-rural integrated development.