聚岛为厅:清代海岛厅的设置及其意义

Constituting Islands into Subprefecture(厅):The Establishment of the Island Subprefectures(厅)of Qing Dynasty and Its Significance

厅是清代特有的行政区划类型。据《清会典》,“府分其治于厅,凡抚民同知、通判,理事同知、通判,有专管地方者为厅”①,这指的是政区意义上的厅。清代专管地方的政区厅主要分布在边疆少数民族地区、沿海地带和内地的边缘区域等国家统治力量较为薄弱的地方。有清一代,在沿海地区存在数个辖境主要由海岛构成的政区厅,它们是海门厅、定海厅、南田厅、玉环厅、澎湖厅、南澳厅(如图1)。这些厅的辖境包括海域和陆域两部分,其中陆域部分主要由海岛构成,此即本文所要论述的海岛厅。

The object of this paper is the island subprefectures(厅)of Qing Dynasty.Island subprefecture(厅)are subprefectures(厅)whose jurisdiction is mainly composed of islands.On the basis of introducing the reasons and process of the establishment of the island subprefectures(厅),this article then discusses the necessity and flexibility of the island governed by Tong zhi(同知)or Tong pan(通判).As a subprefecture(厅)composed of islands,its underlying surface is both land and sea,which is also the problem to be studied in this paper.Finally,this paper discusses the historical status of islands subprefecture(厅)in Qing Dynasty and the practical significance of its system.