中德不动产登记效力比较研究——以统一不动产登记效力体系构建为视角

Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Real Estate Registration Between Chinese and German Law:From the Perspective of Constructing a Unified Real Estate Registration Efficacy System

研究目的:对中德不动产登记效力进行比较研究,为制定统一的不动产登记法提供理论支撑。研究方法:比较分析法、规范分析法、案例分析法。研究结果:与中国不动产登记相比,德国不动产登记在区分原则与公示原则的基础上具有统一的物权变动效力;具有明确、统一的权利顺位效力,能够在意思自治原则的基础上准确地解决多项不动产权利之间的冲突;具有以公信原则为基础的权利推定效力与公信力,与无因性原则一道构成了交易安全保护的铁壁铜墙;对于登记错误则赋予权利人以更正登记请求权等完善救济措施。研究结论:中国不动产登记法须从四方面完善不动产登记的效力体系:通过将登记对抗的物权变动统一于登记要件原则之下以进一步统一不动产登记的权利变动效力;强化不动产登记薄的权利推定效力与公信力;构建不动产登记薄的权利顺位效力;增设权利人的不动产登记更正请求权。

The purposes of this paper are to conduct a comparative study on the efficacy of real estate registration between China and Germany and provide theoretical support for the draft of a unified real estate registration law in China.The research methods include comparative analysis,normative analysis and case analysis.The research results show that compared with the real estate registration in China,the real estate registration in Germany has the unified efficacy of right transfer.The unified efficacy of right priority aiming to accurately resolve the conflicts among many real estate rights based on the private autonomy.The efficacy of right presumption and the efficacy of public trust aims at protecting transaction security.In addition,the right to claim corrects the wrong registration.In conclusion,when drafting the real estate registration law,the following four problems should be addressed:further unifying the right transfer efficacy,strengthening the right presumption efficacy;constructing the right sequence efficacy and granting the right to claim the correction of the wrong registration.