土地资源优化配置如何影响经济效率?——来自浙江省“亩均论英雄”改革的经验证据

Optimized Allocation of Land Resources and Economic Efficiency:Empirical Evidence from a Quasi-Natural Experiment of“Area-Based Evaluation Mechanism”Reform in Zhejiang Province

研究目的:以浙江省“亩均论英雄”土地配置改革作为准自然实验,评估土地资源优化配置对地区经济效率的影响及作用机制。研究方法:合成控制法(SCM)、双重差分法(DID)。研究结果:(1)“亩均论英雄”改革推动了土地在企业间、产业间和区域间的优化配置,显著提升了地区经济效率,在考虑了一系列干扰因素后结果仍然稳健;(2)“亩均论英雄”改革通过规范土地市场化、减少政府干预、鼓励企业技术创新等路径强化了资源配置优化的经济效应;(3)这项改革通过改善工业要素投入,尤其是工业用地的错配和扭曲提高了土地利用效率,也有助于强化外向型经济发展路径,但在短期内会造成劳动力就业的结构性失衡。研究结论:提高土地配置和利用效率需要坚持市场化改革方向,地方政府要减少直接干预,发挥土地市场的价格机制与竞争体制。

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of land resource allocation on economic efficiency based on a quasi-natural experiment of“Area-Based Evaluation Mechanism”reform in Zhejiang Province.The Synthetic Control Methods and difference-in-difference method are employed in this paper.The results show that:1、“Area-Based Evaluation Mechanism”reform optimized resource allocation by combining the resource allocation with“Area-Based Benefits”and significantly improved the economic efficiency,which still remained robust considering a series of disturbing factors;2、the“Area-Based Evaluation Mechanism”played a positive regulatory role and promoted the economic efficiency by the market selection effect,the reduction of government intervention and the technological innovation of enterprises;3、this reform improved the input of industrial factors,particularly in correcting the misallocation of industrial land resource to increase the efficiency of land use,while it induced the structurial imbalance of labors and employment in the short term.In conclusion,the market-orientated reform should be facilitated to improve the allocative and land-use efficiency.The direct intervation of the government should be reduced to play the roles of price mechanism and competition system of the land market.