基于事故树分析法的城中村改造中土地权属变更风险研究——以T市城中村改造为例

Research on Land Property Rights Change Risk of Urban Village Regeneration Based on Fault Tree Analysis:A Case Study of Urban Village Regeneration in T City

研究目的:分析比较T市城中村改造过程中,集体土地概括国有化模式和土地征收模式下的土地权属变更风险因素及风险大小,为规范城中村改造工作提供借鉴。研究方法:半结构化访谈法、事故树分析法。研究结果:(1)集体土地概括国有化模式下的风险概率远远高于土地征收模式;(2)集体土地概括国有化模式下的风险来源于有争议的土地权属变更机制,而土地征收模式下的风险主要来源于不合规范的实施程序;(3)部分地方政府基于快速改善城市面貌、提升人民生活品质、避免征地纠纷的考虑而采用集体土地概括国有化模式。研究结论:与土地征收制度相比,集体土地概括国有化模式存在制度机制风险,易导致失地村民利益受损,未来城中村改造应严格参照新《土地管理法》的相关要求,规范采用土地征收模式。

The purpose of the study is to analyze and compare the risk factors and risk levels of land property rights change under the modes of general nationalization of collective-owned land and land acquisition in the process of urban village regeneration in T City to provide the references for the regulation of urban village regeneration.The research methods include semi-structured interview and fault tree analysis.The results show that:(1)the risk probability of general nationalization of collective-owned land mode is much higher than that of land acquisition mode;(2)the risk of general nationalization of collective-owned land mode mainly stems from the land property rights change mechanism which conflicts with the superior law,and the risk of land acquisition mode mainly stems from the non-standard implementation procedure;(3)some local governments adopt general nationalization of collective-owned land mode for the sake of rapidly improving urban landscape,improving people’s living quality and avoiding land acquisition disputes.In conclusion,compared with land acquisition,generalized nationalization of collective-owned land has institutional risks,which may easily lead to the interest loss of landless villagers.In the future,the urban villages regeneration should strictly conform to the relevant requirements of the new Land Management Law and regulate the use of land acquisition mode.