基于政策量化的中国耕地保护政策演进过程

Evolution Characteristics and Laws of Cultivated Land Protection Policy in China Based on Policy Quantification

研究目的:探讨中国耕地保护政策的演进特征和规律,为政策制定提供理论依据和支撑。研究方法:政策文献计量法和内容分析法。研究结果:中国耕地保护政策的政策力度不强、涉及范围较广、政策措施较为丰富、反馈机制不足、监督体系仍需完善;政策演进共经历了政策出台早期探索、体系建立探索、体系初步形成、体系基本完善、体系趋于成熟5个阶段,耕地保护内涵实现了“数量—数量、质量—数量、质量、生态”的转变;中国耕地保护政策的政策工具类型逐渐多样化,政策工具的内容逐渐具体、可操作性增强。研究结论:未来应提升政策的整体权威性,完善监督机制;健全多部门协同联动机制,强化“三位一体”保护;进一步丰富政策工具形式,提升耕地保护效率。

The purpose of this study is to explore the evolution characteristics and laws of cultivated land protection policy in China to reveal the weakness of the existing policy system and provide the theoretical basis and support for the future policy-making,as cultivated land protection policy is a powerful means to protect cultivated land.The research methods are as follows.The policy literature measurement and content analysis are used to quantify the 461 cultivated land protection policies issued from 1978 to 2019,and analyzes these policies from five aspects:policy intensity,category change,index score,publishing department and form,and policy tools.The research results show that:(1)the current China’s cultivated land protection system is weak in policy strength,rich in policy measures,extensive in scope,and imperfect in feedback and supervision mechanism.The issuing department of the policy is diverse,but the overall authority is not strong.(2)The evolution of cultivated land protection policies has gone through five stages:preliminary exploration,system establishment and exploration,initial system formation,basic system improvement and system maturity.The connotation of cultivated land protection has realized the transformation of“quantity protection”-“quantity and quality protection”-“quantity,quality and ecological protection”.The types of policy tools used are gradually diversified and highly integrated.The cultivated land protection policy in China uses four kinds of policy tools:command control,economic incentive,information disclosure and publicity guidance.The content of policy tools has become more specific,and the feasibility has gradually increased.In conclusion,in the future,we should enhance the overall authority of the policy,establish a stricter legal system and improve the supervision mechanism for the protection of cultivated land.It is also necessary to improve the coordinated work between different departments and strengthen the“quantity-qualityecology”of cultivated land protection.At the same time,we should enrich the form of policy tools in the future to enhance the efficiency of policy tools in protecting cultivated land.