近40年云南少数民族地区村规民约变迁研究

Study on the Changes of Village Rules and Regulations in Yunnan Minority Areas in the Past 40 Years

云南少数民族地区自1981年,特别是在1982年后开始大量制定村规民约。20世纪80年代云南少数民族地区的村规民约体现出显著的自发性、习惯性、政治性特征。20世纪90年代云南少数民族地区村规民约在法治建设和法治原则下,越来越失去民族性和地方性,体现出高度同质化倾向。2001年后,国家积极推进村民自治,村规民约重新获得了合法依据并得到新发展。2017年国家提出建设以“法治、自治、德治”为中心的现化化农村治理体系,2018年提出到2020年全面建成每村和每个社区都有村规民约和公约的基层治理体系。20世纪80年代至今,云南少数民族地区村规民约变迁特征是:20世纪80年代是自发、回应,20世纪90年代是批判、否定,2001至2010年间是肯定、审查,2011年至今是肯定、管控。

Since 1981,especially after 1982,a large number of village rules and regulations have been formulated in Yunnan minority areas.In the 1980s,the village rules and regulations in Yunnan ethnic minority areas showed significant characteristics of spontaneity,habit and politics.In the 1990s,under the rule of law and the principle of rule of law,the village rules and regulations in Yunnan ethnic minority areas lost their national and local characteristics and showed a high degree of homogeneity.After 2001,the state actively promoted the villagers'autonomy,and the village rules and regulations gained the legal basis and new development.In 2017,the state proposed to build a modern rural governance system centered on"rule of law,autonomy and Moral Governance".In 2018,it proposed to comprehensively build a grass-roots governance system with village regulations and conventions for each village and community by 2020.From 1980s to now,the characteristics of the changes of village rules and regulations in Yunnan ethnic minority areas are as follows:in 1980s,they are spontaneous and responsive;in 1990s,they are critical and negative;in 2001-2010,they are affirmative and review;in 2011, they are affirmative and control.