中国代际收入流动的制度性因素分析——基于机会不平等理论视角

An Analysis of the Institutional Factors of Intergenerational Income Mobility in China:From the Perspective of Inequality of Opportunity Theory

文章基于机会不平等理论,通过构建包含制度性因素的代际收入传递理论模型,分析并论证了制度因素对代际收入流动的影响机制;采用OLS、分位数回归等计量模型实证检验了户籍、财政教育支出、社会医疗卫生支出三种制度因素对代际收入流动的影响效果。结果表明:户籍制度是阻碍中国代际收入流动的重要因素,而财政教育支出与社会医疗卫生支出都能够显著促进代际收入流动。此外,三者对代际收入流动的影响都具有收入异质性。在多重稳健性检验下,上述结论依然稳健。

Based on the inequality of opportunity theory,this paper analyzes and demonstrates the mechanism of the influence of institutional factors on intergenerational income mobility by constructing a theoretical model of intergenerational income transfer that contains institutional factors.At the same time,the use of OLS,quantile regression and other measurement models empirically test the effect of three institutional factors on household registration,financial education expenditure,and social health expenditure on intergenerational income mobility.The results show that the household registration system is an important factor hindering China’s intergenerational income mobility,and that fiscal education expenditures and social medical and health expenditures can significantly promote intergenerational income mobility.In addition,the impact of the three on intergenerational income mobility is heterogeneous.Under multiple robustness tests,the above conclusions are still robust.