晚清盛京地区洪涝灾害及救助措施初探——以《黑图档•咸丰朝》所见

A Preliminary Study of Flood Disasters and Relief Measures in Mukden District of Late Qing Dynasty:As Seen in HetuDangse,Xianfeng Dynasty

清朝后期东北地区弛禁放垦,关内民人大量涌入。为获取更多耕地,盛京皇庄内出现了大量开荒、滥砍滥伐的现象,这破坏了土地的生态平衡,洪涝灾害严重。文章主要依据《黑图档》中的相关史料,从洪涝发生的频次及环境影响、灾害的成因、政府的赈济措施等方面入手,来研究咸丰时期盛京地区的皇庄所遇洪涝灾害及由此引发的社会关系。

In late Qing Dynasty,the Northeast region was relaxed and reclaimed,and a large number of people from the customs passed in.In order to obtain more arable land,a large amount of wasteland and deforestation occurred in Mukden royal manor,which destroyed the ecological balance of the land and caused severe floods.Based on the relevant historical data in HetuDangse,this article focuses on the frequency of floods and environmental impacts,the causes of disasters,government relief measures,and other aspects to study the flood disasters and disasters encountered in royal manor in Mukden area during Xianfeng period and the subsequent social relations.