2020年后贫困标准调整的逻辑与构想

The Logic and Conception of Poverty Standard Adjustment After 2020

调整2020年后贫困标准是当前学界讨论相对贫困治理的重要话题之一。在贫困标准的调整思路上,学界主要存在两种分歧,即是向主要发达国家贫困标准理念和水平看齐,还是整合国内农村低保标准与现行国家贫困标准。现阶段城乡贫困既具有各自的特征,又有一定的共性。城乡在支出型贫困方面的共性问题使得缓解支出型贫困成为我国相对贫困治理的重点任务。因此,2020年后有必要用农村低保标准作为贫困标准,逐步实现城乡、地区的低保标准统一,并结合阶梯式多层次贫困人口识别和救助办法,实现救助对象多维性和救助待遇多层次性。这不仅符合多维贫困理论和发展型社会政策的贫困治理理念,也可以较低的制度改革成本调整贫困标准,更能体现贫困治理的中国特色和实践的自主性。

The adjustment of post-2020 poverty standard is one of the important topics in the current academic discussion of rela⁃tive poverty governance.On the adjustment of poverty standards,there are two main differences in academic circles,that is,to keep up with the concept and level of poverty standards in major developed countries,or to integrate the domestic rural minimum living standard with the current national poverty standard.At present,urban and rural poverty not only have their own characteristics,but also have certain commonalities.The common problems of expenditure poverty in urban and rural areas make alleviating expenditure poverty a key task of China′s relative poverty governance.Therefore,it is necessary to use the rural minimum living standard as the poverty standard after 2020,gradually realize the unification of the minimum living standard in urban and rural areas,and combine with the ladder type multi-level identification of poor population and relief methods to realize the multi-dimensional relief objects and multi-level relief treatment.This not only conforms to the concept of multidimensional poverty theory and developmental social policies,but also can ad⁃just the poverty standards at a lower system reform cost,and better reflect the Chinese characteristics of poverty governance and the au⁃tonomy of practice.