湖南八大公山两栖动物多样性时空格局观测

Spatial-Temporal Patterns of Amphibian Diversity in the Badagongshan National Nature Reserve,Hunan

研究多样性的时空格局是探明生物多样性与生态系统相互关系的有效途径,能为保护政策的制定提供理论依据。于2018年对八大公山国家级自然保护区两栖动物物种多样性的时空格局进行观测,从低海拔至高海拔选取10条样线,在4、6、8和10月进行4次调查。结果显示,两栖动物物种组成和物种多样性指数(物种丰富度、香农-威纳指数、Pielou均匀度指数)随着时间、空间的变化存在明显不同。在时间尺度上,4月的优势种为福建掌突蟾和华南湍蛙;6月的优势种为花臭蛙;8月的优势种为花臭蛙和绿臭蛙;棘腹蛙和华南湍蛙在10月占绝对优势。在空间尺度上,低海拔样线的优势种为花臭蛙和华南湍蛙;中海拔样线的优势种为福建掌突蟾和黄斑拟小鲵;高海拔样线的优势种为棘腹蛙、峨眉髭蟾和桑植趾沟蛙。在物种多样性的时间尺度上,3个多样性指数基本表现为6、8月高于4、10月。在物种多样性的空间尺度上,全年的物种丰富度与海拔无显著相关性,全年的香农-威纳指数和Pielou均匀度指数随着海拔升高呈驼峰型响应。将4个月份的物种多样性指数与海拔分别进行相关性分析,均无显著相关关系,但6月的香农-威纳指数随着海拔升高呈现接近驼峰型的响应。两栖动物因其各自不同的生活史会产生不同的繁殖周期、冬眠周期,所以物种多样性在时间尺度上存在差异;同时又因为不同两栖动物的温度适应能力和生境偏好不同,因此空间尺度上的物种多样性也各有不同。

Exploring the temporal and spatial patterns of taxonomic diversity can help ecologists to understand the interactions between biodiversity and ecosystems,and to formulate conservation strategies.In this paper,the spatial and temporal patterns of amphibians taxonomic diversity in the Badagongshan National Nature Reserve were investigated in 2018.In the study area,field surveys of amphibians were conducted in April,June,August and October,respectively,in 10 transects along an elevation gradient.The results show that the species composition and three taxonomic diversity indices(i.e.,species richness,Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index)of the amphibian community were significantly different with the changes of seasons and elevations.Specifically,at the temporal scale,the dominant species were Leptobrachella liui and Amolops ricketti in April,Odorrana schmackeri in June,O.schmackeri and Odorrana margaretae in August,and Quasipaa boulengeri and A.ricketti in October.However,at the spatial scale the dominant species were O.schmackeri and A.ricketti at low-altitude transects,Leptobrachella liui and Pseudohynobius flavomaculatus at mid-altitude transects,Q.boulengeri,Leptobrachium boringii and Pseudorana sangzhiensis at high-altitude transects.In terms of the taxonomic diversity indices,values of the three indices were higher in June and August than those in April and October.While at the level of the whole year,there was no significant correlation between species richness and altitude.However,Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou evenness index showed significant hump-shaped responses with the increasing altitude.In different months,it was found that there were no significant correlations between taxonomic diversity indices and altitude(except the Shannon-Wiener index in June which showed a hump-shaped response with the increasing altitude).Overall,the study indicates that the taxonomic diversity of amphibians changes at both temporal and spatial scales.This can be attributed to various breeding cycles and hibernation cycles of amphibians,as well as their diverse temperature adaptation capabilities and habitat preferences.