正史忠义类传的新变化——论《宋史·忠义传》的纂修体例、入传标准及文学色彩

The New Changes of the Loyalist Biographies in Official History——the Compilation Guideline,Standard for Heroes,and Literary Style of the Loyalist Biographies in Song History

忠义类传是正史的组成部分之一,《宋史·忠义传》凡10卷入传280人,在正史忠义类传中占有重要地位。《宋史·忠义传》贯彻秉笔直书与适当隐讳的纂修体例;开创性地以"不事二君"作为入传标准,使得忠义类传具有不拘身份地位、面向全体民众的开放性特点;同时根据忠义事迹"以类附从,定为等差",明确把忠义行为划分等级,彰显出国家的价值导向;而其忠义叙事浓厚的文学色彩,则使得忠臣烈士的忠义行为极具感染力,有助于忠义类传功能的实现。《宋史·忠义传》诸多新变化,既是宋元时期忠义观念的投射,也对后世正史忠义类传产生了深远影响。

The loyalist biographies were an important part of the official history.Such biographies of Song History comprise 10 volumes,including biographies of 280 people.The compilation required objective,faithful record and at the same time allowed proper concealments.It regarded"loyalty to the emperor"as the morality standard of selected heroes,regardless of their statuses.It classified loyalty according to the deeds and showed the value orientation of the court.It had a clear literary style and made loyalty appealing,which helped to educate the people.The loyalist biographies of Song History not only reflected the idea of loyalty of the time,but also exerted a far-reaching influence on the loyalist biographies of official history for the later generations.