跨越政策意图与实施的鸿沟:行动者网络视角——基于贵阳市大数据产业发展(2012—2018)的案例研究

Bridging the Chasm between Policy Intention and Implementation:Actor-Network Perspective——Case Study on the Big Data Industry in Guiyang(2012-2018)

新一轮科技革命与产业变革孕育兴起的背景下,各地方政府大力发展新兴产业,然而只有少数地区能够把握新兴产业发展机遇,多数区域容易陷入产业低端锁定、企业自生能力不足等困境,从政策意图到有效实施之间存在明显的鸿沟问题。本文从行动者网络视角对贵阳市大数据产业的案例研究发现:(1)产业政策实施需要跨越政府与企业的组织边界,政策实施中依次存在政府内部的认知鸿沟、政企协作的知行鸿沟和企业跨界的协作鸿沟;(2)地方政府通过政策转译过程来弥合鸿沟问题,具体为发展愿景转译来达成内部共识、本地资源转译来实现双向共聚、场景应用转译来助推多维共创;(3)关键行动者在政策转译中发挥重要推动作用,政策实施各阶段的关键行动者逐步从政府部门向企业主体迁移。本文理论贡献在于识别了产业政策实施的三种跨边界鸿沟问题,并揭示了弥合鸿沟的转译过程机制。

Under the background of the new round of technological and industrial revolution,the local governments in China are vigorously developing emerging industries.Some regions grasp the opportunities for emerging industries,but most regions fall into the predicament of low-end locking,and their enterprises lack self-growth ability.There is a significant gap between policy intentions and effective implementation.From the perspective of actor-network,the case study of Guiyang’s big data industry shows that:(1)Industrial policy implementation needs to cross the boundary between government and enterprises,and the policy implementation gap changes from the cognitive gap to the practice gap of government-enterprise cooperation,and the collaboration gap of enterprises.(2)Local governments bridge the gaps by policy translations:build an internal consensus through development vision translation,achieve co-operation through local resources translation,and promote multi-dimensional co-creation through scene application translation.(3)Key actors play an important role in the process of translation,and they gradually migrate from the government to market entities.The theoretical contribution of this paper lies in identifying three kinds of trans-boundary gaps in the implementation of industrial policies and revealing the translation mechanism of bridging the gaps.