人工岛机场填海工程对生态环境影响的综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of the impact of artificial island airport reclamation construction on marine eco-environment.

针对大型人工岛机场填海工程环境影响难以量化的问题,以我国某人工岛机场填海工程为例,从海洋生态系统的“生态响应”和“生境质量”两方面出发,构建了基于GIS的空间变化和建设周期动态变化的环境影响评价模型,根据工程海域的生态环境状况,确定了评价指标的等级、标准和权重,探究人工岛机场填海对生态环境造成的影响.结果显示:人工岛填海工程对海域生态环境的综合影响值为0.38,处于“严重”影响程度;空间分布上,严重影响区域主要集中于人工岛附近海域,约占研究区的54%.人工岛机场填海施工对海洋生态环境的影响主要体现为底栖生物量和鱼类资源的大幅度减少,在制定施工期环境保护和施工后生态修复等方案时应对此予以足够重视.

It is difficult to quantify the environmental impact of large artificial island airport reclamation projects.Taking an artificial island airport reclamation project in China as an example,an environmental impact assessment model considering spatial change and dynamic change of construction period was established based on GIS,from the“ecological response”and“habitat quality”of marine ecosystem.According to the eco-environment of the construction sea area,the grades,standards and weights of the evaluation indicators were determined,so the impact of the artificial island airport reclamation on the eco-environment was evaluated.The results showed that,the comprehensive impact on the marine eco-environment was 0.38,indicating that the project had caused a serious impact on the environment.In terms of spatial distribution,the seriously affected areas were mainly concentrated in the sea area near the artificial island,accounting for 54%of the study area.The impact of the artificial island airport reclamation construction on the marine ecological environment was characterized by the substantial reduction of benthic and swimming biomass.This should be given enough attention to in the formulation of environmental protection during construction and ecological restoration after construction.