数控机床基础部件几何精度实时监测技术研究

Research on Real-time Monitoring Technology for Geometric Accuracy of Basic Components of NC Machine Tools

针对数控机床基础部件在使用过程中产生变形造成精度衰退难以实时监测的问题,提出了一种基于分布式应变的数控机床基础大件变形监测方法,该方法通过三次B样条函数插值和弹性力学建立“应变-变形-直线度误差”的关系模型。在此基础上,构建了一套无线应变监测系统,对某立式加工中心的床身、立柱进行了半年的应变监测,通过对比Renishaw激光干涉仪的测量结果,验证了该方法的正确性和可行性,也表明机床基础部件变形是造成机床几何精度变化的主要因素。

Aiming at the problem of real-time monitoring of precision decline caused by deformation of CNC machine tool's basic components in use process,a real-time monitoring method for large part deformation of basic components of CNC machine tool based on distributed strain is proposed.The method establishes the relationship model of strain-deformation-precision by cubic B-spline interpolation and elasticity mechanics.On this basis,a wireless strain monitoring system is constructed to monitor the bed and column of a vertical machining center for half a year.The correctness and feasibility of the method are verified by comparing the measurement results of laser interferometer.It is also shown that the deformation of basic components of CNC machine tool is the main factor of machine tool geometric accuracy.