同伴群体中力量不对等机制的形成与运作——基于高中校园欺凌的案例研究

The Mechanism ofUnbalanced Power Relationships between Peers:Case Studies of Bullying among High School Students

欺凌中双方之间的“力量不对等”是判定校园欺凌的核心要素之一,然而鲜有研究关注校园欺凌中这一不对等关系的运作过程。本文填补这一研究空白,结合地位关系理论和社会性别视角,对X校高中生的欺凌案例进行分析。本文发现,在结果导向的“分班制度”、“竞争文化”和现代社会“消费主义”的影响下,高中生们形成了以“学霸”和“社会大哥大姐”为“上层”地位者的两大同伴群体。校园里存在着两类不同的欺凌:一类是由同伴群体认可的地位较高的人刻意发起、其他跟随者参与的欺凌;另一类是在地位分化与性别不平等交互作用下,群体成员对不符合传统性别角色和性别表达的青少年的集体欺凌。校园欺凌体现了由“学业能力”、“社会能力”与性别不平等三股力量交织形成的“力量不对等”关系。

The unbalanced power relationship between the bully and the bullied is often regarded as one of the major factors of school bullying,however,there are fewstudies focusing on the mechanism of the unbalanced relationship within the incidents of school bullying. In order to fill the gap,this article adopts status relation theory and gender perspective to analyses several cases of student-bullying in a high school. Under the influence of test-oriented education and consumerism in the modern society,there are two type of students with higher status among the high schoolers: one is"social big brother and sister"and "xueba( excellence academically) ". There are two types of bullying quite common on campus,one is the student with higher status deliberately initiated and then participated by followers,and the other is under the interactive influence of power difference and gender inequality,the group member sometimes collectively bully those students who may not conform to the traditional gender roles and gender expression. The unbalanced power relationship has been related to the intersection of academic skill,social skill,and gender inequality,and under certain circumstance,it may lead to school-bullying.