发展援助项目中的社会性别与参与式方法——以内蒙古某项目为案例的人类学研究

Gender and Participation in Development Interventions:An Anthropological Study in Inner Mongolia

20世纪80年代以来,外国发展援助项目在推动农村妇女发展和扶贫等领域中发挥着重要的作用。“社会性别主流化”、“妇女赋权”和“参与式”逐渐进入中国发展领域的主流话语体系。本研究以一个在内蒙古实施的外援项目为例,以人类学民族志的方法展示了上述发展理念与方法在发展援助项目中的实践,并从发展的视角深入探析了社会性别和参与式方法在中国的发展实践中落地生根所面临的制度和文化困境。本文指出,性别平等与参与式需要结合特定的制度和文化向前推进。发展援助项目只有更加深刻地理解项目实施当地特定的社会和文化现状,才有可能真正助力中国发展。

Since the 1980s,foreign-aid projects have become significant actors in life improvement and poverty alleviation for Chinese rural women.“Gender mainstreaming”,“women’s empowerment”and“participation”have been popular words in development discourse.This article explores such a project in Inner Mongolia from an anthropological perspective.It aims to understand the participatory approaches to womens empowerment and deeply analyze the institutional and cultural dilemmas faced by gender and participatory approaches in China from the perspective of development.It argues that gender equality and participation can only be achieved through taking specific cultural and institutional factors into account.Foreign-aid projects should deeply understand local context in order to contribute to China's development.