《文心雕龙》雅俗理论溯源

The Theory Origin of Elegance and Vulgarity in The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons

刘勰以雅俗品鉴文章,是直接受到魏晋时期人物雅俗品鉴之风的影响,而其理论内容,则渊源于先秦的雅文化观念和儒家雅郑之辨。在西周的雅文化观念中,“雅”与“俗”不对等,但也不矛盾。刘勰认为俗体和一些非雅正的风格是可以兼容于雅文学的,这跟雅文化中的“雅”“俗”关系相似。对于与雅文学对立而不可兼容的“郑”,刘勰的态度跟先秦儒家一样,但其雅郑之辨是以文学与经典的关系为基点的,所以刘勰的雅俗理论具有宗经主义性质。他的雅俗批评,具体地展现于“六观”(即文章品鉴的六个角度)。将刘勰各个方面的雅俗批评的内容聚合起来,可以形成一个比较清晰的在西周雅文化观念影响下的“雅文学”理念。

Liu Xie appreciated articles based on the elegance,which was directly influenced by the atmosphere of appreciating based on the elegance in Wei and Jin Dynasty,and the theory came from the cultural concept of elegance in Pre-Qin Period and Confucian debates on elegance.In Xi Zhou s cultural concept of elegance,“elegance”was not equal to“vulgarness”,nor contradictory.Liu Xie argues that vulgarness can be existed in elegant literature,which is similar to the relationship between“elegance”and“vulgarness”in the culture of elegance.In terms of“zheng”which is opposite to elegant literature,Liu Xie holds the same attitude with Confucian in Pre-Qin Period,but the debates on elegance and zheng is based on the relationship between literature and classics.Therefore,the theory on elegance by Liu Xie is similar to Confucian idea.His criticism on elegance can be divided in to six perspectives,which can be combined to form a relatively clear concept on“elegant literature”influenced by Xi Zhou s cultural concept of elegance.