金相试件自动磨抛机结构设计及分析

Structural design and analysis of automatic grinding and polishing machine for metallographic specimen

为了解决薄板类金相试件手工磨抛控制难、效率低且易产生弧形端面的问题,设计一种无需镶嵌的新型自动磨抛机。首先通过对薄板类金相试件手工磨抛过程分析,确定了试件磨抛的工作原理和技术要求,制定了自动磨抛机的结构和运动方案,详细设计了夹持装置A和夹持装置B的结构;然后建立基于有向装配原理的整机装配连接关系模型,并利用UG软件实现了磨抛机的有向装配;最后对所设计磨抛机的性能进行试验验证。结果表明:经所设计的自动磨抛机磨抛后的试件相比手工磨抛,平面度误差减少了62.5%(端面弧高H 2约为15μm),垂直度误差减少了50%(垂直度误差仅0.04μm),表面粗糙度Ra降低了20%(表面粗糙度Ra仅为0.08μm)。该磨抛机整体性能优于技术要求和手工磨抛水平,而且磨抛效率高,劳动强度低。

In order to solve the problems of manual grinding and polishing control difficult,low efficiency and easy to produce arc-shaped end face of thin plate metallographic specimens,a new type of automatic grinding and polishing machine without inlay was designed.Through the analysis of the manual grinding and polishing process of the thin plate metallographic specimen,the working principle and technical requirements of the specimen grinding and polishing were determined,the structure and motion scheme of the automatic grinding and polishing machine were formulated,the structure of the clamping device A and the clamping device B were designed in detail,the whole machine assembly connection model based on the directional assembly principle was established,and the directional assembly of the grinding and polishing machine was realized by using UG software,finally,the performance of the grinding and polishing machine was verified by experiment.The results show that the flatness error of the sample after polishing by the designed automatic grinding and polishing machine is 62.5%less than that of manual grinding and polishing(the height of the end arc is 15μm);the perpendicularity error was reduced by 50%(the perpendicularity error is only 0.04μm);the roughness value Ra was reduced by 20%(roughness value Ra is only 0.08μm);the overall performance is better than the technical requirements and the level of manual grinding,and the grinding efficiency is high,the labor intensity is low.