35岁以下急性心肌梗死危险因素的研究进展

Progress in the studies on the risk factors of acute myocardial infarction in patients under 35 years old

心血管疾病的发病率与病死率逐年上升,发病年龄逐渐年轻化。在35岁以下急性心肌梗死患者中,广泛的动脉粥样硬化病变少见,动脉粥样硬化负荷较低。其危险因素具有独特之处,除了吸烟、血脂异常等传统危险因素外,还与凝血相关的遗传基因多态性、纤维蛋白原、同型半胱氨酸、尿酸等新型危险因素有关,它们可能在早发急性心肌梗死患者的发病机制中起重要作用。加强预防可降低早发冠心病的发病率,早发现、早治疗可改善患者的预后。

The incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in the world are increasing,and the age of onset is gradually getting younger.Extensive atherosclerotic lesions are rare in patients under 35 years old with acute myocardial infarction,and the atherosclerotic burden is low.The risk factors are unique.In addition to traditional risk factors such as smoking and dyslipidemia,new risk factors such as genetic polymorphisms related to blood coagulation,fibrinogen,homocysteine and uric acid,may play an important role in the pathogenesis of patients with early-onset acute myocardial infarction.Enhanced prevention can reduce the incidence of premature coronary heart disease,early detection and early treatment can improve the prognosis.