乡村振兴主体性内生动力及其激发路径的研究

Analysis on subjectival endogenous power and motivation paths of the rural vitalization

乡村振兴战略为农村优先发展提供了历史契机,也存在农村主体性内生动力可持续性不足的问题。通过总结现有文献及统计数据分析,认为乡村振兴的主体是农民,政府、企业和第三方组织机构构成乡村振兴的外部动力。随着改革开放的不断深入,我国农村人口呈现了静态到动态失衡的变化,依附于城乡二元化国情,我国农村人口变迁体现了制度和经济特征,使乡村振兴面临人口外流为标志的主体性内生动力缺失。激发乡村振兴主体性内生动力要体现农民的发展需求、权利需求、保障需求,其根本在于突出主体能力建设的增权赋能,主要激发路径包括主体自我能力发展与客体系统性扶持引导相结合,将农村人口的内生性需求纳入自我发展能力建设中。涵盖农村个体技能发展与集体的产业发展、乡村自治建设、土地制度保障与经营功能、城乡一体公共服务等方面,从而构建‘政府主导-农民主体-企业等多元客体’协同参与的能力建设机制框架。

The rural vitalization strategy prioritizes rural development,but it lacks the enough sustainability in subjective endogenous power of rural population.Based on the existing literature and the statistical data,it is concluded that the main group of the rural revitalization are rural citizens,while governments,enterprises and the third parties constitute the external power for the rural revitalization.With the deepening of reform and opening-up,China′s rural population have changed from static status to dynamic imbalance status,and due to the urban-rural dual structure,China′s population change has the institutional and economic characteristics.As a result,lack of subjective endogenous power is marked by rural population outflow.The endogenous power capacity building in the rural revitalization should reflect villagers’self-development demands,self-determining demands,and social security demands.The root to stimulate this power is empowerment that combines the subjective self-competence development with the objective guidance and support,and integrates endogenous demand into self-development capability construction.Endogenous paths include following aspects:individuals’professional abilities,the industrial development of the collective,grassroots self-governance,security and management function of rural land system,and the public service system based on urban-rural integration.Thus,these paths constitute the collaborative capability building system involving governments as the guide,rural citizens as the subject,and enterprises and other organizations as the multi-objects.