西南部分清甜香型产区烤烟外观特征及其与常规化学成分和感官质量的关系分析

Appearance characteristics of flue-cured tobacco of fresh-sweetness flavor type from some planting areas in southwest China and their relationships with routine chemical components and sensory quality

为明确清甜香型烤烟外观特征(质量、区域)及其与内在质量的关系,选取中部C2F等级烟叶作为研究材料,采用相关分析、逐步回归和通径分析方法对取自西南高原生态区四川凉山、攀枝花,以及云南曲靖、大理、文山、普洱、红河、临沧、昭通、丽江、楚雄等11个产地的烤烟C2F烟叶样品的外观特征(质量、区域)及其与常规化学成分和感官质量的关系进行了分析。结果表明:(1)烟叶外观特征(质量、区域)为底色白,厚度中等,蜡质感弱,叶片较柔软~柔软,叶面叶背色差小,叶尖叶基身份差小、少量偏中,光泽亮,叶面组织细腻~较细腻,颜色深浅为桔黄;颜色桔黄,烟叶成熟,叶片结构疏松为主、部分尚疏松,身份中等、少量稍厚,油分有,色度中~强。各指标表现较稳定。(2)烟叶外观特征(质量、区域)与常规化学成分总体关系一般,其中颜色深浅与钾含量呈极显著负相关,厚度与烟碱含量呈显著正相关,颜色与氮碱比、糖碱比呈极显著负相关。(3)烟叶外观特征(质量、区域)与感官质量总体关系密切,其中叶面叶背色差、蜡质感与清甜香,叶面叶背色差与香型、飘逸、细腻柔和程度、余味,厚度与浓度、木质气均呈极显著正相关。因此,厚度、蜡质感、叶面叶背色差、颜色深浅是影响清甜香型烟叶风格及质量的关键外观质量特征指标。

To clarify the appearance characteristics and their relationships with internal quality of flue-cured tobacco of fresh-sweetness flavor type,the middle leaves of C2F grade were collected from 11 planting areas(Liangshan and Panzhihua in Sichuan and Qujing,Dali,Wenshan,Pu’er,Honghe,Lincang,Zhaotong,Lijiang and Chuxiong in Yunnan)in southwest plateau ecological area.The appearance quality characteristics and their relationship with routine chemical components and sensory quality were analyzed by correlation,gradual regression and path analyses.The results showed that:1)The appearance quality characteristics of tobacco leaves were white background color,moderate thickness,weak wax texture,relatively soft to soft leaf,slight leaf color difference between front and back,minor(several samples were moderate)leaf body difference between tip and base,bright luster,relatively smooth to smooth leaf surface tissue,orange shade of color;orange color,mature tobacco leaves,loose and partial relatively loose leaf structure,moderate(several samples were slightly thick)body,oily,moderate to strong color intensity.Each index was relatively stable and consistent.2)The appearance characteristics of tobacco leaves did not closely correlated to routine chemical components,while color shade extremely significantly negatively correlated to potassium content,thickness significantly positively correlated to nicotine content,and color extremely significantly negatively correlated to nitrogen/nicotine ratio and sugar/nicotine ratio.3)The appearance characteristics closely correlated to sensory quality generally.Among them,the relationships of leaf color difference between front and back,wax texture with fresh-sweetness scent,those of leaf color difference between front and back with flavor type,elegancy,smoothness and aftertaste,those of thickness with concentration and woody scent were extremely significantly positive.Therefore,thickness,wax texture,leaf color difference between front and back,and color shade were the key appearance quality characteristic indexes affecting the style and quality of tobacco leaves of fresh-sweetness flavor type.