寿命周期成本(LCC)评价与全寿命工程造价管理

Evaluating of LCC and Management of Whole Life Cycle Costing

我国经济已处于由高速增长转向高质量发展的新常态,工程项目建设既面临高质量发展的新机遇,又受到新挑战。工程造价管理作为生产性服务性行业抓机遇、迎挑战,为工程建设提供高质量服务就要学习、掌握工程寿命周期成本(Life Cycle Costing,LCC)理论、方法与评价。工程寿命周期各阶段对LCC的不同影响,不仅关系到工程项目投资总额,也有利于防止“三超”现象发生。为此,文章首先介绍LCC的定义内涵,根据工程经济学成本理论,LCC作为工程寿命周期各阶段成本的综合等于设计制造成本Csz、使用维修成本Csw和固定成本G的总和,即变动成本与固定成本之和;创新建立LCC最小化模型,进而找到LCC最小化的充分必要条件;论述LCC评价模型方法,探讨LCC最小化和LCC评价法在全寿命周期工程造价管理中的运用思路与方法;提出在我国推广实施LCC评价法的思考与建议。

In our country,the economy has changed from the stage of high-speed growth to the stage of high-quality development,and the field of engineering project construction is also facing opportunities and challenges of high-quality development.As a productive service industry,engineering cost management should grasp opportunities and meet challenges.To provide high quality service for engineering construction,it is necessary to learn and master the theory,methods and evaluation of Life Cycle Costing(LCC).The different impact of different stages of project life cycle on LCC is not only related to the total investment of the project,but also conducive to preventing the occurrence of"three overruns".Firstly,the definition and connotation of LCC are introduced.According to the cost theory of Engineering economics,LCC,as the synthesis of cost in each stage of engineering life cycle,is equal to the sum of design and manufacture cost Csz,maintenance cost Csw and fixed cost G,that is,the sum of variable cost and fixed cost.This paper discusses the application of LCC minimization and LCC evaluation method in life cycle project cost management,and puts forward some thoughts and suggestions on the promotion and implementation of LCC evaluation method in China.