政府研发补贴对中国产业结构转型升级的影响:推手还是拖累?

The Influence of Government R&D Subsidies on China’s Industrial Structure Transformation and Upgrading:Push or Drag?

作为激励创新的一种政策,政府研发补贴是否能在真正意义上助力企业创新,进而带动中国产业结构转型升级是政府和学界共同关注的焦点问题。文章利用2005−2015年省际面板数据分析了政府研发补贴对产业结构转型升级的影响,并基于区域差异、企业规模以及企业性质进行了异质性检验。研究发现:(1)政府研发补贴对中国产业结构高度化与合理化均具有明显促进作用,能显著推动中国产业结构转型升级;(2)政府研发补贴对产业结构转型升级的影响存在明显区域差异,能显著促进东部地区产业结构合理化与中西部地区产业结构高度化;(3)大型企业获得的研发补贴具有明显的产业结构高度化效应,而中型企业获得的政府研发补贴具有产业结构合理化效应;(4)内资企业获得的政府研发补贴能显著促进产业结构转型升级,而港澳台商投资企业和外商投资企业均不显著;(5)作用机制显示,政府研发补贴通过显著增强企业创新研发能力有效带动了中国产业结构转型升级。本文的研究结果表明,今后在增加政府研发补贴时,应更多地考虑结构问题,更多地向中西部地区的中小型内资企业倾斜。

Implementing an innovation-driven development strategy in an all-round way and promoting industrial structure transformation and upgrading through innovation,is an important starting point to promote the high-quality development of China’s economy.However,innovation often has problems such as market failure and insufficient investment due to its inherent positive externalities and uncertainties.As a general policy for stimulating innovation,whether government R&D subsidies can really help enterprise innovation,and then drive China’s industrial structure transformation and upgrading,is the focus of the common concern of the government and academia.Based on the panel data of 31 provinces,cities and districts in China from 2005 to 2015,we study the influence of government R&D subsidies on industrial structure transformation and upgrading,and then conduct the heterogeneity tests based on regional differences,firm size,and the nature of enterprises.The results show that:(1)Government R&D subsidies have a significant effect on promoting China’s industrial structure advancement and rationalization,which can significantly promote China’s industrial structure transformation and upgrading;(2)The impact of government R&D subsidies on industrial structure transformation and upgrading has obvious regional differences,which can significantly promote industrial structure rationalization in the eastern region and industrial structure advancement in the central and western regions;(3)The government R&D subsidies obtained by large enterprises have a significant effect on industrial structure advancement,while the government R&D subsidies obtained by medium-sized enterprises have the effect of industrial structure rationalization;(4)The government R&D subsidies obtained by domestic-funded enterprises can significantly promote industrial structure transformation and upgrading,while the government R&D subsidies obtained by Hong Kong,Macao or Taiwan Residents investment companies and foreign-invested companies are not significant;(5)The mechanism of action shows that government R&D subsidies have effectively promoted China’s industrial structure transformation and upgrading by significantly enhancing the ability of enterprise innovation.The results of this study show that in the future,more consideration should be given to the structural problem of government R&D subsidies while increasing the amount,especially to the small and mediumsized domestic-funded enterprises in the central and western regions.