中国经济学体系构建的近代探索--基于研究内容的视角

Exploration on the Construction of Chinese Economics System in Early Modern Times:Based on the Perspective of Research Content

中国经济学的探索始于近代,不仅表现为针对具体经济问题的研究,更有部分学者对中国经济学进行了体系构建层面的探索,然而当前学界尚未对后者予以充分关注。20世纪20年代末至40年代,一批具有不同理论背景的学者纷纷就中国经济学体系构建的研究内容进行了讨论。文章着眼于那些有理论自觉并符合彼时学者关于中国经济学理解的探索成果,深入挖掘一手文献,将其中呈现的主要观点划分为四类:以若干理论与应用问题为主要构成、以“哲学−理论−政策”为主要构成、参照《资本论》体系结构为主要构成、参照古典经济学“四分法”为主要构成。研究发现:(1)该探索搭建起了近代中国经济学研究内容的基本框架,覆盖了包括中国经济历史演进、中国社会性质、中国经济运行、中国生产关系、工业化与农村经济建设、财政与金融改革等一系列问题。(2)该过程体现出的关于体系构建的一个重要逻辑是,在参照已有经济学说的基础上,关键要深入挖掘中国经济社会从传统到现代这一历史背景下的独特问题。问题越是独特,越为学者们普遍重视,也就越可能孕育理论创新。(3)近代探索在研究内容上未能构建起为学界所公认而又能被后人加以沿用的体例,其直接原因是学者们对经济问题的理论抽象和提炼程度较低,根本原因是近代中国缺乏基本稳定的社会背景,以及落后的经济与科研水平无法孕育成熟系统的经济学说。因此,当前应进一步重视对中国经济典型化事实的发现,重视经济研究中对理论和规律的提炼,以此加快中国特色社会主义政治经济学的学术体系构建。

The construction of Chinese Economics began in early modern times.Some scholars discussed its system construction then,however,the current academic circle has not paid enough attention to this field.For the first time,this article systematically investigates the exploration of the research content construction of Chinese Economics in early modern times.By focusing on the achievements which have theoretical consciousness and are in line with the understanding of Chinese Economics at that time,this article in-depth mines the first-hand literature,classifies them into four categories,that is,with several theoretical and practical issues as the main components,with“philosophy-theory-policy”as the main component,referring to the“Das Kapital”system as the main component,and referring to the classical economics“Quartering”as the main component,and analyzes the points put forward by scholars with different theoretical backgrounds from the late 1920s to the 1940s.This article mainly draws the following conclusions:First,the exploration has established a basic framework for the research content of Chinese Economics in the early modern context,covering a series of economic issues which include the historical evolution of China’s economy,the nature of China’s society,the operation of China’s economy,China’s production relations,industrialization and rural economy construction,fiscal and financial reforms and so on.Second,an important logic on system construction embodied in this process is that,based on absorbing the existing economic theories,the key point is to deeply explore the unique problems in the historical background of China’s economy and society that transformed from tradition to modern ones.Third,the early modern exploration failed to build a recognized mode of the research content which could be followed.The direct reason is that there was a lack of theoretical abstraction and refinement of the economic issues.The fundamental reason is that early modern China was short of a social background of basic stability and owned a backward economic research level.All these kept it away from the establishment of a mature and systematical economics.The academic value of this paper could be concluded in three aspects:First,it proposes a research framework based on system construction,especially on the research content,and forms a new perspective to integrate the works of early modern Chinese Economics.Second,it closely surrounds the category of Chinese Economics,and excavates a series of first-hand historical document,thus expanding the literature in this field.Third,it systematically shows the achievements and progress of early modern Chinese Economics on the research content,and provides enlightenments for accelerating the construction of the Socialist Political Economics with Chinese Characteristics.