林业资金投入对集中连片特困地区的减贫效应——以广西壮族自治区罗城仫佬族自治县为例

Poverty Reduction Effect of Forestry Fund Investment in Concentrated Contiguous Destitute Areas--Taking Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as An Example

在进一步阐述贫困最基本含义的基础上,以国家林业和草原局定点帮扶的广西壮族自治区罗城仫佬族自治县(以下简称罗城县)为研究对象,采用访谈法、问卷调查法获取直接调查数据,并参照官网数据,选取罗城县2014—2018年典型数据为样本;依据数据的可得性和关联性,选取林业资金投入作为自变量、贫困人口就业人数和贫困人口人均收入作为因变量,选取林业生产累计提供就业机会、森林旅游基地数量、种养大户数量作为控制变量,建立2种分析模型;将林业资金投入数据进行量化,分析了林业资金投入对当地贫困人口就业、收入及对扶贫效果的影响。结果表明:林业资金投入对缓解地区贫困具有较好的效果。通过实施一系列生态保护工程建设,提高了贫困地区森林覆盖率,遏制贫困地区资源过度消耗和石漠化片区环境、生态局部恶化的势头。林业资金投入提供了更多的就业岗位,让贫困村及贫困户均能在实施的生态建设项目中获得实惠,共享林业生态建设成果和福利。林业资金投入有力地扶持了贫困户发展杉木林、松木林、桉树用材林、特色经济林以及林下经济、森林旅游等特色优势生态产业,增加贫困人口收入。结合当地林业发展现状,为破解制约林业扶贫的瓶颈,建议:①加大林业生态建设力度,提高生态效益,提供更多就业岗位;②实施林业产业扶贫,拓宽贫困户收入渠道;③加强林业科技培训,提高贫困户致富技能;④发挥造林专业合作社作用,带动贫困群众增收脱贫。

On the basis of further elaborating the basic meaning of poverty, the Luocheng Mulam Autonomous County in Guangxi Region (Hereinafter referred to as Luocheng County), which was designated by the Forestry and Grassland Administration, was taken as the research object. The interview method and questionnaire method was adopted to obtain the direct survey data, and the typical data of Luocheng County in 2014-2018 was selected as the sample with reference to the official website data. According to the availability and relevance of the data, the investment of forestry fund was chosen as the independent variable, the number of employment of the poor and the per capita income of the poor are chosen as the dependent variable, and the cumulative employment opportunities provided by forestry production, the number of forest tourism bases and the number of large-scale farmers were chosen as the control variable. On this basis, two kinds of analysis models was established. Besides, the data of forestry fund investment was quantified. The influence of forestry fund investment on the employment, income and poverty alleviation effect of local poor people were analyzed. The results show that the investment of forestry funds has a good effect on alleviating the region poverty. Through the implementation of a series of ecological protection projects, the forest coverage in poor areas has been improved, and the excessive consumption of resources in poor areas and the local deterioration of environment and ecology in rocky desertification areas have been curbed. More jobs has been provided by the forestry fund investment, so that poor villages and poor households can get benefits from the implementation of ecological construction projects, and share the achievements and benefits of forestry ecological construction. The forestry fund investment has effectively supported the poor households to develop the characteristic and advantageous ecological industries, such as Chinese Fir forest, Pine forest, Eucalyptus Timber forest, Characteristic Economic forest under forest economy and forest tourism. The income of the poor has also been increased. Combined with the current situation of local forestry development and in order to solve the bottleneck restricting the poverty alleviation of forestry, the following suggestions are proposed: Firstly, strengthen the ecological construction of forestry, improve the ecological benefits and provide more jobs. Then, implement the poverty alleviation of forestry industry and expand the income channels of poor households. Besides, strengthen the forestry science and technology training, improve the skills of poor households to become rich. In the end, play the role of professional afforestation cooperatives and drive the poor people to increase their income shake off poverty.