马克思主义历史决定论尺度的三重视阈与三种幻象

Three Visions and Three Mirages of the Scales of Marxist Historical Determinism

马克思主义历史决定论自创立来一直受到质疑和挑战。这蕴含着马克思主义历史决定论的尺度问题:它在何种标准、空间和范围下是有解释力的?本文通过历史与逻辑相统一、归纳与演绎相结合的方法,考察了马克思主义历史决定论尺度的视阈与幻象问题,并以此剖析了后现代主义历史观,尝试确证历史决定论的生命力、兼容性和包容度。本文认为,马克思主义对历史过程中决定性因素的揭示是在辩证、总体和批判三重视阈中展开的,非马克思主义或反马克思主义形成了关于历史决定论尺度的教条主义、一元论和形而上学的三种幻象。这三重视阈可以彻底穿越三种幻象。后现代主义历史观固然丰富、拓展和深化了史学研究视野,却依然需要马克思主义历史决定论的借鉴、批判与超越。

Marxist historical determinism has always been questioned and challenged since its birth,which implies the problem of the scale of Marxist historical determinism:under which standard,space,or scope does it have the explanatory power?Attempting to confirm the vitality,compatibility,and inclusiveness of historical determinism,this paper examines the visions and mirages of the scales of Marxist historical determinism,and analyses the historical views of Postmodernism,using the methods of the unity of history and logic,and the combination of induction and deduction.It argues that it is in the three visions of dialectic,totality,and critique that Marxism reveals the decisive factors in the historical process.Non-or anti-Marxism fabricate three mirages of dogmatism,monism,and metaphysics about the scales of Marxist historical determinism.These three visions could penetrate the three mirages.Although the historical views of Postmodernism have enriched,expanded,and deepened the research view of historical science,they still need the adoption,critique,and transcendence of Marxist historical determinism.