论《道德经》中的精神压力与道德人格的张力

On the Tension of Mental Stress and Moral Personality in Tao Te Jing

精神压力是一个普遍概念而非单独概念,导致精神压力的实质是精神自我的冲突。《道德经》演绎了"心"与"相"的三个阶段精神秩序的运行状态:心相不动的无精神压力状态为原初阶段;心相运动而导致精神秩序紊乱,为精神压力阶段;明心见性自我不再冲突使心神复归于道,为无精神压力阶段。老子认为祸福相依相转,关键在于把握人性的尺度,也就是说取决于道德人格的张力,这种张力在于以无为之道为人处世。无为主要体现修身,博学多才,常使心神保持清虚境界,按照自然之完美法则行事,不强加主观意志于社会法则,逐渐通达世间规律。这些思想与当今中国大力提倡追求理想信念、提升思想觉悟、培育良好道德情感和意志力的诉求内在一致。

Mental stress is a general concept rather than a particular one.The essence of mental stress is self-conflict.Tao Te Jing interprets the state of the spiritual order in the three stages of the operation of"heart"and"appearance":the state of unstressed mind where there is no"heart"and"appearance"movement is the initial stage;the state of mental disorder resulted from the"heart"and"appearance"movement is the mental stress stage;and the state of self-consciousness where there is no self-conflicts and return the mind to Tao is the stage of no mental stress stage.Lao Tzu believes that happiness and misfortune depend on each other,and the key is to grasp the scale of human nature.In other words,it depends on the tension of moral personality,which is doing something by doing nothing(Wuwei)."Doing something by doing nothing"mainly reflects self-cultivation,versatility,and often keeping the mind clear of emptiness,acting in accordance with the perfect laws of nature,without imposing subjective will on social laws,and gradually understanding the laws of the world.These ideas are intrinsically consistent with China’s desire to vigorously promote the pursuit of ideals and beliefs,enhance ideological awareness,and cultivate good moral emotions and willpower.