地膜覆盖措施在中国的区域适用性和区域因子分析——以玉米为例

Regional Applicability and Factor Analysis of Plastic Film Mulching in China——A Case Study of Maize

收集我国玉米地膜覆盖研究大田试验数据,基于Meta分析方法,研究了地膜覆盖在中国不同地区的效应,分析了降水、温度、海拔等区域因子对覆膜效果影响。结果表明:覆膜措施能够有效增加玉米穗粒数和百粒重,使得玉米籽粒能够接收和保存更多的干物质,从而达到增产效果;覆膜措施能够显著提高不同地区玉米的产量和水分利用效率(WUE),其中,与中国东北、华北和南方地区相比,在西北地区的增加产量和提高WUE的效果更好;覆膜玉米的产量、耗水量和WUE的增加率均与试验地点的海拔呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01);在海拔>668 m地区,当地覆膜措施有增加玉米土壤耗水量的趋势,并且在多年平均降雨量300 mm^400 mm的地区,覆膜措施显著增加了玉米耗水量。

In this study,the maize(including summer maize and spring maize)field experiment data under PM in China were collected,and the regional effect of PM was quantitatively analyzed based on Meta-analysis.Meanwhile,the main regional factors(rainfall,temperature and altitude)for PM effect were analyzed.The results showed that the PM could significantly improve the maize yield and water use efficiency(WUE)in different regions,and the improvement of PM performed better in northwest China compared with northeast China,north China,and south China.PM can effectively increase the grain number per ear and the hundreds-grain weight,which means that more dry matter can be received and preserved by the maize grains,and thus achieve yield increase during maize season.Compared with the un-mulched treatment,the increase rate of yield,water consumption and WUE under PM were all significantly positively correlated with the altitude of the experiment site(P<0.01).In the area with an altitude higher than 668 m,the PM tended to increase the soil water consumption during maize growing season,and the PM significantly increased soil water consumption of maize in the areas with 300 mm^400 mm of annual average rainfall.