分期施肥补灌对小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Staged Fertilization and Supplementary Irrigation on Wheat Yield and Water Use

探讨分期施肥补灌对小麦SPAD、光合特性、群体动态、生物性状、水分利用效率及产量的影响,为豫中补灌区小麦高产高效施肥提供理论依据。通过田间试验,设灌水和施肥两因素,其中灌水设3个水平,灌水450 m^3/(hm^2·次)。施肥设5个水平。研究结果表明:三种灌水水平条件下,增施有机肥的小麦SPAD和净光合速率均高于相应不施有机肥处理;N0处理产量显著低于其他处理;N0处理水分利用效率最低。基于节本、增产、增效综合考虑,本研究推荐拔节期补灌一次,施用纯氮300 kg/hm^2+有机肥1 500 kg/hm^2(氮肥底追比为底施∶拔节肥=7∶3)处理。

In order to investigate the effects of stage fertilization and supplementary irrigation on wheat SPAD,photosynthetic characteristics,population dynamics,biological characters,water use efficiency and yield,sand provide theoretical basis for high-yield and efficient fertilization of wheat in the supplementary irrigation area of central Hennan.Through the field experiment,two factors of irrigation and fertilization were set,which include three levels of irrigation,450 m^3/(hm^2·times).Five fertilization levels were set.The results are as follows.The SPAD and net photosynthetic rates of the wheat under three irrigation levels were higher than those without organic fertilizer.Under the three irrigation levels,the yield of N0 treatment was significantly lower than that of other treatments.Under the three irrigation conditions,the water use efficiency of N0 treatment was the lowest.Based on the comprehensive consideration of cost saving,increase production and increase efficiency,this study recommended a supplementary irrigation at jointing stage,with the application of pure nitrogen 300 kg/hm^2 plus organic fertilizer 1500 kg/hm^2(the base application of nitrogen fertilizer was based on the base application∶jointing fertilizer=7∶3)