中国与美欧战略性(关键)矿产资源形势分析

Analysis of Strategic(Critical)Mineral Resources Situation in China and the U.S.and the EU

文章在整理中国战略性矿产目录清单(2016年)和美国(2018年)欧盟(2017年)关键矿产目录清单的基础上,对资源储量、生产、消费、进出口贸易及流向等方面进行了对比分析:稀土、石墨、萤石、重晶石、钨等19种矿产,中国具有优势或者是在全球市场上有较大的影响力;铝、锡等6种矿产中国短缺,但是美国、欧盟不予重点关注或者是关注的区域与中国相关性较弱;石油、铁矿等8种矿产,中国、美国、欧盟都短缺,但是中国短缺更严重;铌、钽、铂族金属等3种矿产,中国、美国、欧盟都短缺,获取境外资源在空间上存在竞争;焦煤、铍等5种矿产,美国或欧盟有优势,但是中国供应短缺。

Based on the research of list of China’s strategic minerals 2016 and the U.S.Final List of Critical Minerals 2018 and the EU Conflict Minerals Regulation 2017,this article conducts comparative analysis on resource reserves,production,consumption,import-export trade and flow:19 kinds of minerals such as rare earth,graphite,fluorite,barite and tungsten,China has an advantage or has a large influence in the global market;6 kinds of minerals such as aluminum and tin are in short supply in China,while the U.S.and the EU pay little attention on these minerals or the region concerned is weakly related to China;8 minerals such as oil and iron ore are in short supply in China,the U.S.and the EU,but China’s shortage is more serious;3 types of mineral resources including niobium,tantalum,and platinum group metals are in short supply in China,the U.S.,and the EU,and there is competition in space for obtaining overseas resources;the U.S.or the EU have advantages in 5 minerals such as coking coal and beryllium,but China is in short supply.