溶剂化效应在有机反应中的作用

The Function of Solvation Effect in Organic Reactions

有机反应大多数都在溶剂中进行,溶剂对化学反应的中间体和产物有着不同程度的影响。在有机反应中,选择合适的溶剂十分关键。溶剂可以影响到溶质的解离,影响反应的立体选择性,同时溶剂可以影响有机反应的中间体,进而改变反应的结果。本文以溶剂对反应物和反应中间体的影响为重点,分析了分子内亲核取代,两可亲核试剂的亲核取代,以及亲核取代反应和消除反应的竞争的反应实例。

Most organic reactions take place in solvents,which have different effects on intermediates and products of chemical reactions.In organic reactions,choosing the right solvent is critical.The solvent can affect the solute dissociation and the stereoselectivity of the reaction,while the solvent can affect the intermediate of the organic reaction then change the reaction result.Focusing on the effects of solvents on reactants and reaction intermediates,the internal nucleophilic substitution,the nucleophilic substitution of ambident nucleophiles and the examples of competing for nucleophilic substitution reactions and elimination reactions were analyzed.