电动汽车锂离子电池热管理系统研究进展

Research Progress in Thermal Management Systems for Li-ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles

目的为保证电动汽车在使用过程中安全可靠,需对车用锂离子电池进行温度控制。方法从电池的最高温度、使用寿命以及最大温差等方面,对空冷、液冷、相变材料冷却、微通道/微热管冷却以及加热方式的研究进行综述分析。结果相对于常规的空冷、液冷、相变材料与热管等冷却方式以及新型的热电制冷等方式,基于微通道、微通道冷板及微通道热管式的电池热管理系统(BTMS)具有更为卓越的换热性能,已成为一种可行且有效的热管理解决方案;BTMS存在整体结构复杂、换热细节研究不深、实用性不强以及针对微通道的相关强化研究不足等问题。结论在微通道液冷式BTMS的研究基础上,对其进行强化换热与强化结构体力学强度等研究,可以显著增强BTMS及整体系统的换热性能与结构强度,以及对锂离子电池产生更好的温控效果,提高了电动汽车的安全性与可靠性。

The work aims to control the temperature of Li-ion batteries for vehicles,in order to ensure the safety and reliability of EV during its use.Based on the maximum temperature,service life,and maximum temperature difference of batteries,various types of battery thermal management system(BTMS),such as air cooling,liquid cooling,phase change material cooling,micro-channel/micro-heat pipe cooling,and heating methods were reviewed and analyzed.Compared with conventional cooling methods such as air cooling,liquid cooling,phase change materials and heat pipes,and new thermoelectric cooling methods,BTMS based on micro-channels,micro-channel cold plates and micro-channel heat pipes had more excellent heat transfer performance.It had become a feasible and effective thermal management solution.However,BTMS had problems such as complex overall structure,inadequate research on heat transfer details,weak practicability,and insufficient research on related enhancements for micro-channels.Based on the research of micro-channel liquid-cooled BTMS,researches on enhanced heat transfer and mechanical strength of the structure can significantly promote the heat transfer performance and structural strength of BTMS and the overall system.It has better temperature control effect on Li-ion batteries and improves the safety and reliability of EV.