准班轮模式下干散货船枢纽港转运及联营优化

An Optimization Method of Bulk Carriersin Transshipping Network and Pooling Operation Based on Quasi-liner Mode

以不定期方式为主的传统国际干散货运输市场开始出现定时定班的准班轮化运营方式,同时,40万t超大型船舶的增加将干散货船由点到点的直达运输转变为部分航线的枢纽转运结构.本文对干散货船枢纽港转运网络的转运节点和不同承运人联营合作后船队运力结构进行研究.考虑港口靠泊能力限制和起讫港口进出口需求约束,建立基于改进遗传算法的干散货船枢纽港转运网络模型;以中国进口铁矿石运输市场为例进行仿真,并对比不同运力规模合作方案.结果表明,枢纽转运网络收益优于传统直达运输,收益提升效果与干支线运力规模相关;枢纽转运节点以可以挂靠大型矿砂船的港口作为首选,同时需要兼顾选择部分转运港口,以辐射中部、南部港口.

International dry bulk shipping market begins to appear quasi-liner operation mode which traditional service dominated by tramp mode.At the same time,partial routes in direct transport is transformed to transshipping network because of the increasingly number of 400000 DWT VLOC(Very Large Ore Carrier).In this paper,the research on select operation of transfer port and the fleet capacity and structure after the cooperation of different carriers are proposed.Considering the restriction of port berthing capacity and demand,a hub port transshipment network model of dry bulk carriers is established based on improved genetic algorithm.Through simulation of imported iron ore shipping market in China and comparison of cooperation schemes with different fleet capacity,the results show that the profit of transshipping network is better than direct transport,and the effect of profit improvement is related to the capacity scale of main and feeder lines;the ports where VLOC can be berthed are the preferred port for hub node,while considering the selection of other hub nodes to radiate the middle and south Port.