基于出行数据的城市公交网络可达性研究

Urban Public Transport Network Accessibility Based Travel Data

可达性是评估交通便利程度的有效指标,城市公共交通良好的可达性能够吸引更多人选择这类方式出行.基于公交刷卡、发车时间间隔等多源数据,提出考虑线路和流量的车站等待时间计算方法;利用换乘时间阈值拼接出行数据,获取起讫车站出行时间,建立两阶段机会模型.以北京市为例,评估公交网络实际可达性.研究表明:车站服务可达性和网络可达性均呈现城市中心高、郊区低、沿地铁变化趋势明显的特征,线路越多的车站可达性越高;传统的定值设置方法会低估高可达性车站的可达性水平,考虑流量和线路的等待时间计算方法是有效的.

Accessibility is an effective indicator to evaluate the convenience of transportation.Urban public transport with better accessibility can attract more people to travel in this way.Based on the multi-source data set,such as bus smart card data,departure time interval data,etc.,together with the influence of lines on travel time,a station waiting time calculation method considering bus lines and traffic flows was proposed.Meanwhile,the travel time between the departure and terminal stations was obtained by using the transfer time threshold to link travel data.Then,a two-stage opportunity model was established.Taking Beijing as an example,the actual accessibility of the bus network was evaluated.The results show that the station service accessibility and network accessibility are both remain relatively high levels in the city center and relatively low levels in the suburbs,with a distinct variation trend along the subway lines.Specifically,stations with more lines have higher levels of accessibility,yet the traditional fixed value method is more likely to underestimate the accessibility of high-level accessibility stations,which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.