基于时间地理学的居民活动空间测度方法研究

Method for Measuring Residents'Activity Space Based on Time Geography

活动空间能够反映居民受到的时空制约以及移动自由度,对分析居民出行行为有重要研究意义.本文基于时间地理学理论,强调时间维度对个体活动空间的重要塑造作用,引入活动持续时间作为权重因子,构建了活动空间的时空重心测度模型,提出"偏移度""扩展度"两个概念来量化个体活动空间,并与传统空间中心测度方法进行对比分析,最后,以昆明市居民调查数据进行实例验证.结果表明,活动空间是由时间和空间两大要素共同决定,当存在出行距离大于4 km以上,偏移度对空间测度的修正程度约为5%~15%,时间要素对活动空间的影响程度变得较为敏感.

The activity space can reflect the time and space constraints and freedom of movement of residents,which is of great significance for the analysis of residents'travel behavior.Based on the theory of time geography,by emphasizing the important shaping effect of the time dimension on the individual activity space,this paper developed a measurement model of the space-time center of gravity using the duration of the activity as a weight factor.The concepts of“degree of offset”and“degree of expansion”were proposed to quantify individual activity space,which was compared with the traditional central method.The data of Kunming resident survey in China was then used for the case studies.The activity space was determined by the two major factors of time and space.When there is a travel distance larger than 4 kilometers,the correction degree of offset to the space measurement is about 5%to 15%.With the gradual expansion of urban space and the increasingly serious separation of residents'occupation and residence,the influence of time factors on the activity space would become more sensitive.