上海市嘉定区江桥镇老年体检胆囊疾病流行特征及危险因素的相关分析

Correlation analysis of epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of gallbladder diseases in elderly people during physical examination

目的研究上海市嘉定区江桥镇居民老年体检中胆囊疾病的流行病学特点以及其危险因素,以探索进一步干预措施。方法回顾性分析2019年于我院进行家庭医生签约的60岁以上的居民并且同时在我院进行老年人免费健康体检(包括彩色多普勒超声检查、心电图、生化检查等)者1 016名,根据彩色多普勒超声诊断结果分为胆囊疾病组以及非胆囊疾病组,对影响因素进行分析及讨论。结果上海市嘉定区江桥镇老年体检胆囊疾病患病率为39.4%;男性体检者胆囊疾病检出率高于女性体检者;在女性体检者中,胆囊疾病检出率随年龄增加而增长;对比胆囊疾病组与非胆囊疾病组,性别、年龄、职业、高甘油三酯血症为其危险因素,而体质量指数(BMI)、锻炼频率方式、吸烟、饮酒、心律失常、脂肪肝、高血压、高胆固醇血症、糖尿病、高尿酸血症比较差异无统计学意义;在胆囊疾病组中,60~64岁参加体检人数最多,胆囊疾病患病率最低(32.8%);71~75岁参加体检人数最少,胆囊疾病患病率最高(48.2%)。其中胆囊疾病患者中最常见的彩色多普勒超声为胆囊壁毛糙,胆囊结石及胆囊炎次之。结论上海市嘉定区江桥镇老年体检中胆囊疾病患病率随年龄增加而增长,男性患病率略高于女性,彩色多普勒超声示胆囊壁毛糙患者最多,胆囊结石及胆囊炎次之,性别、年龄、职业、高甘油三酯血症为胆囊疾病的危险因素。

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of gallbladder disease and its risk factors in elderly people′s physical examination in Jiangqiao Town,Jiading District,Shanghai,in order to explore further intervention measures.Methods A retrospective analysis of 1016 residents who had signed a family doctor with our hospital in 2019 and who were over 60 years old and who had free medical examinations for the elderly(including color Doppler ultrasound,electrocardiogram,biochemical examination,etc.)at the same time were performed.According to the results of color Doppler ultrasound diagnosis,they were divided into gallbladder disease group and non-gallbladder disease group,and the influencing factors were analyzed and discussed.Results The prevalence of gallbladder disease in the elderly in Jiangqiao Town,Jiading District,Shanghai was 39.4%.The rate of detection of gallbladder disease in men was higher than that in women.Detection rate of gallbladder disease among female health checkers increases with age.Comparing the gallbladder disease group with the non-gallbladder disease group,gender,age,occupation,and hypertriglyceridemia were the risk factors.BMI,frequency of exercise,smoking,drinking,arrhythmia,fatty liver,hypertension,hypercholesterolemia,diabetes,hyperuricemia were not statistically significant.In the gallbladder disease group,the population aged 60-64 years had the largest number of physical examinations,and the prevalence of gallbladder disease was the lowest(32.8%).The 71-75-year-old population has the fewest physical examinations and the highest prevalence of gallbladder disease(48.2%).Among them,the most common color Doppler ultrasound in patients with gallbladder disease was rough gallbladder wall,followed by gallbladder stones and cholecystitis.Conclusion The prevalence rate of gallbladder disease in elderly people during physical examination in Jiangqiao Town,Jiading District,Shanghai increases with age.The rate of detection of gallbladder disease in men is higher than that in women.Color Doppler ultrasound showed that gallbladder wall roughness was the most common,followed by cholecystolithiasis and cholecystitis.Gender,age,occupation,and hypertriglyceridemia were risk factors.