路域植物近自然保护技术体系研究

Technical System of Near-Nature Protection of Highway Plant

为了在公路建设中践行绿色发展理念,切实提升路域植物保护水平,针对路域植物保护自然理念贯彻不足、技术选择不多等问题,将"近自然保护理念"引入公路建设,构建路域植物近自然保护理论框架和技术体系,并以云南小磨高速为例开展实证研究。实践证明,小磨高速建设过程中有效保护了森林19.7公顷、珍稀植物3 600余株,生物多样性保持稳定。研究结果表明:(1)路域植物近自然保护应贯穿公路设计、施工和管理三个阶段,体现整体性、自然性、生态性、节约性四大特征;(2)应从生态选线、植物群落重建、生态边坡修复和土壤种子库利用等方面推进近自然设计;从主动施工保护、近自然地形处理、表土利用和土壤基质修复等方面推进近自然施工;从植物群落监测和保护宣传等方面推进近自然管理。

In order to effectively enrich the green development concept in highway construction and improve the level of highway plant protection, focusing on the problems such as insufficient implementation of natural concept and few technical options of highway plant protection, the concept of "near-nature protection" was introduced into the highway construction process. The theoretical framework and technical system of near-nature protection of highway plant were put forward. Xiaomengyang-Mohan expressway in Yunnan province was studied as a case. With the technical practice of Xiaomengyang-Mohan expressway, 19.7 hectares of forest and more than 3 600 rare plants were effectively protected during construction, and the regional biodiversity kept stable. The results show that:(1)the near-natural concept of vegetation restoration should run through all three stages of design, construction and management of highway, and reflect the four major characteristics including integrity, naturalness, ecology and economy;(2)the near-natural design should be promoted through ecological route selection, plant community reconstruction, ecological slope restoration and soil seed bank utilization;the near-natural construction should be promoted through active construction protection, landform treatment, surface soil utilization and soil matrix restoration;the near-natural management should be promoted through plant community monitoring and protection broadcast.