农村老年人老化态度变动轨迹:基于积极老龄化框架的实证考察

The Trajectory of Rural Elders’Attitudes toward Aging:An Empirical Study Based on the Framework of Active Aging

基于积极老龄化理论框架和“中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查”面板数据,文章从积极和消极两个维度对农村老年人老化态度问题进行实证考察。研究发现,两种老化态度均以2008年为重要转折点,女性老化态度比男性更具多样性和多变性。健康、社会参与和保障都能引起老化态度的积极变动,但社会适应、子女经济支持和社区照料三个因素对消极老化态度有正向影响,而生产活动降低了积极老化态度水平。从贡献率看,健康因素对老化态度差异贡献最大,其次是保障因素、社会参与因素,健康因素更能解释积极老化态度的变化,社会参与因素对消极老化态度的贡献率更高,二者分别在女性和男性老年人群体中表现得更为明显。贡献率排在前四位的因素是精神健康、子女经济支持、医疗可及性和身体健康。用积极老龄化的观点帮助庞大的农村老年人口建立正确的老化态度将有益于养老问题的解决。

Based on the positive aging theoretical framework and panel data of the Tracking Survey on the Influencing Factors of Elderly Health in China,the article conducts an empirical study on the rural elders’attitudes toward aging from both positive and negative dimensions.The study finds that the two dimensions of turning point is in 2008,and Women's attitudes are more diverse and changeable than men.Health,social participation,and social security can cause positive attitudes toward aging,while social adaptation,children's financial support,and community cares have positive effects on negative attitudes toward aging,and production activities reduce the level of positive aging attitudes.From the perspective of contribution rate,health factors contribute the most to the difference in aging attitudes,and social security and social participation rack next,while heath factor can explain the changes in positive aging attitudes better,and social participation factors have a higher contribution to negative aging attitudes,however they respectively show their most significance among the female and male elders.The top four contributing factors to positive aging attitude are mental health,children's financial support,medical accessibility,and physical health.Obviously the positive aging perspective can help the large size of rural elders to establish a correct attitude towards aging and beneficial to the final better solution of rural elders support system.