亚洲棉与拟似棉远缘杂种的合成与鉴定

Synthesis and Identification of Distant Hybrids Between Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium gossypioides

以亚洲棉为母本,野生种拟似棉为父本进行远缘杂交,人工辅助授粉合成杂种F1,验证F1杂种的真实性,以期进一步加倍成异源四倍体新种质。采用重复授粉和赤霉素保铃等措施提高杂交结铃率,对F1进行形态学及SSR分子标记鉴定。结果表明,F1杂种有典型的合子后生殖隔离现象,植株培养过程中伴随有杂种致死,F1杂种幼苗叶型大部分介于双亲之间且整体偏向于父本拟似棉;SSR分子标记结果显示杂种F1不仅扩增出双亲的互补带,还出现了双亲没有的新带;经过统计分析发现杂种F1中总的遗传成分比例母本占45.91%,父本占40.98%,新出现的组合带占13.11%。从分子水平证明了杂种的真实性,同时伴随的杂交过程也发生了AD基因组互作及遗传重组。

Gossypium arboreum as a female parent had distant hybrid with Gossypium gossypioides as male parent.Artificial pollination was used to synthesize hybrid F1,and the authenticity of the F1 hybrids was verified,aiming to further doubling it into a new allotetraploid germplasm.Repeated pollination and gibberellin boll keeping measures were used to improve the boll setting rate of hybrid,and the F1 was identified by morphology and SSR molecular markers.The results showed that the F1 hybrids had typical post-zygotic reproductive isolation,and the hybrids died in the process of plant culture.Most leaf types of the F1 hybrid seedlings were amid parents and tended to resemble male parents as a whole.The results of SSR molecular markers demonstrated that the hybrid F1 not only amplified complementary bands of parents,but also new bands that parents did not have appeared.Statistical analysis revealed that the total genetic components of the hybrid F1 accounted for 45.91%of the female parents,40.98%of the male parents and 13.11%of new combination bands.The study not only proves the authenticity of hybrids at the molecular level,but also shows that AD genome interaction and genetic recombination occur along with the hybridization process.