明清小说“遗才场”情节之构建与作者科举观

“Yi Cai”Examination in Ming Qing Novels and View of Imperial Examination

"遗才场"至晚出现于隆庆年间,是士子获得乡试资格的考试之一,其收考录取的流程以及录取考生的额数由地方学政根据是年科考的情况进行适当调整,具有一定的灵活性。其制度弹性所带来的正面或负面的影响,使之在明清笔记小说中或成为选拔真才、改变士子命运之关键,或成为执考人员敛财、不学无术者进升的工具,又或是应验科举谶兆的重要因素。小说创作者对"遗才场"不同情节类型的建构,体现出他们对科举本质的认同,他们对"遗才场"情节的批判,抒发对学臣执考不公的不满,表达了他们希望科举考试得以公平执行的愿望。

"Yi Cai"examination appears in the year of Long Qing in Ming dynasty,which is the examination that people get their qualification of triennial examination.The examination was flexibility because its process and quota adapt to local situation of the year,which bring positive or negative influence.For that,"Yi Cai"examination became the key of fortune,a tool of extortion,or a part of prediction in Ming Qing novels.The creaters show their attitude of imperial examination by praise or criticize"Yi Cai"examination in their novels,but essentially,their were eager for fair examination system.