5HEY T T S,TOLLE K.The fourth paradigm:Data-intensive scientific discovery[EB/OL].Redmond,Washington:Microsoft Research(2009-11-16)[2014-03-1].http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/collaboration/fourthparadigm/.
6LAZER D,PENTLAND A,ADAMIC L,et al.Life in the network:the coming age of computational social science[J].Nature,2009,323:721-723.
7WATTS D J.A twenty-first century science[J].Nature,2007,445(7127):489.
8LOHR S.The age of big data[EB/OL].(2012-10-02)[时间不详].http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/micorsites/ostp/big_data_fact_sheet_final_1.pdf.