汉语语法事实的阐释存在的理论问题及其应对方略

Theoretical Problems and Countermeasures in the Interpretation of Chinese Grammatical Facts

汉语词句层级分别存在单项功能不单纯、词位功能中游移和另类功能较为普遍、词类系统中存在着一些具有代表性的特殊词类、缺少前项或中项、语序特殊、缺少必要语法标记、意义结构关系不单纯等特殊语法事实。这些语法事实的现行阐释普遍存在思想方法不尽合理,具体阐释不尽妥帖、清晰、全面两大类问题。针对这些问题,文明进程视角的应对方针是新创汉语语法体系,应对策略是秉持“事实—理论—事实”的思路展开研究。这些方针和策略的实施着重落实在两方面工作上:一是汉语历层语法理论体系的建立,初步建立起的历层语法体系大致由情绪、想象、逻辑三个次位体系构成;二是依托汉语历层语法体系对汉语特殊语法事实的简要阐释,立足时间过程视角概括出来的古今汉语特殊语法事实,基本是文明进程视角情绪和想象思维层次相关事实在特定时间层次的历层表现。

There are some special grammatical facts in Chinese grammar:the single function is not simple;the shift of lexical function is common;the alternative function is common;there are some special parts of speech in the system of parts of speech.Besides,some of them are still in the sentences,such as the absence of foregoing or middle item,the special word order,the absence of necessary grammatical marks,and complexity of the relationship between meaning structures.There are two kinds of problems in the current interpretation of these grammatical facts.firstly,the thought method is not reasonable.secondly,the specific explanation is not proper,clear and comprehensive.In view of these problems,the response policy from the perspective of civilization process is to create a new Chinese grammar system,and the coping strategy is to carry out research on the idea of“fact-theory-fact”.The implementation of the policy and strategy focuses on two aspects.One is the establishment of multilevel theoretical system of Chinese grammar which is composed of emotion,imagination and logic.The other is the explanation of Chinese special grammatical facts based on the system above.The basic view is that the special grammatical facts of ancient and modern Chinese summarized from the perspective of time process are basically the multilevel expression of the related facts at the level of emotion and imagination thinking in the perspective of civilization process at a specific time level.