从《乐苑》的文献来源再看唐代的孤柱现象

Study of the Separate Fret in the Tang Dynasty by Investigating the Resources of Yue Yuan

《乐府诗集》注引的五代陈游《乐苑》是后世了解业已失传的唐代乐器五弦琵琶最重要的文献基础。然而由于《乐苑》业已佚失,《乐府诗集》转引的寥寥数句并不能使我们清楚知晓此条文献的源出与时代,更使我们对文献中所写的五弦琵琶柱制无所适从。本文以《旧唐书·音乐志》中有关“孤柱”的另外几条文献为线索进行追溯,对《乐苑》中记载五弦琵琶的史料作文献学的判断与解读,并结合文献中有关各种施设孤柱的乐器的记载,对孤柱的施设是唐代琵琶类乐器的一种普遍现象这一观点予以论述。

Chen You s Book Yue Yuan(乐苑)in the Five Dynasties,cited in Yuefu Poetry(乐府诗集),is the most important literature relating to research on the lost five-string pipa of the Tang Dynasty.The book Yue Yuan is missing today,and only a few words from this book are quoted in Yuefu Poetry,which cannot help us to understand the quotation s origin or when it was written.This increases the difficulty of researching the frets of the five-string pipa.Tracing back references to the separate fret(孤柱)in The Old Book of Tang-Treatise of Music(旧唐书·音乐志),this paper investigates and interprets the historical literature relating to the five-string pipa in Yue Yuan from the philological perspective,as well as to various other instruments with the separate fret,and re-examines the design of the separate fret in lute instruments during the Tang Dynasty.