舌下络脉诊法在心脑血管疾病中的应用研究概述

Study overview on application of diagnostic method of sublingual collaterals in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

舌下络脉诊法是中医舌诊的重要组成部分,其主要内容是观察舌腹面系带两侧的静脉,从而诊察人体血运之通畅瘀滞,疾病之浅深进退。中医古籍中对舌下络脉的记载始自先秦两汉,历代医家对该诊法都有不同程度的应用。随着观测仪器的发展,目前对于舌下络脉已有了较完善的解剖学、组织学及血液流变学研究。在舌下络脉的判定方面,分项法、王氏分度法、陈氏积分法各有所长,为临床所广泛应用。舌下络脉的判定对于心脑血管病之血瘀证具有重要诊断价值,其异常表现与患者的年龄、性别及疾病的病程、病位、并发症密切相关,其特征可提示血常规、血脂、冠脉病变和神经功能缺损等指标的改变,可为心脑血管病的早期筛查和预后判断提供证据。

The diagnostic method of sublingual collaterals is an important part of tongue diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine.The main content is to observe the veins on both sides of the lingual surface and frenum linguae,so as to diagnose whether the blood circulation of the human body is smooth or stagnant,whether the disease location is shallow or deep,whether the tendency of the disease is aggravating or relieving.The records of sublingual collaterals in ancient Chinese medical books began in the pre-Qin and Han dynasties,and the medical experts in all dynasties have applied this method to different degrees.With the development of observation equipment,there have been complete anatomy,histology and hemorheology studies on the sublingual collaterals at present.In the judgment of sublingual collaterals,the sub-item method,Wang’s indexing method and Chen’s integral method have their own advantages,which are widely used in clinic.The judgment of sublingual collaterals is of great diagnostic value for the blood stasis syndrome of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.The abnormal manifestations are closely related to the patient’s age,gender,disease course,disease location and complications.Its characteristics can indicate the changes of blood routine,blood lipid,coronary artery lesions and neurologic impairment.It can provide evidence for early screening and prognosis judgment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.