保大麦20号高产稳产性及产量构成因素分析

Analysis on the High-yield and Stable Yield of Baodamai 20 and Its Yield Components

为更全面详细地了解保大麦20号的生产特性,以2014—2015年保山市大麦多点试验以及2015—2017年云南省饲料大麦区域试验结果为资料,通过产量、变异系数、产量构成因素分别对保大麦20号的丰产性、稳定性、适应性及其产量构成因素进行相关和通径分析。结果表明,保大麦20号无论是丰产性、稳定性,还是适应性均优于对照品种,属高产稳产大麦新品种。主要农艺性状与产量相关程度由高到低依次为有效穗(0.641 3)、穗实粒数(0.530 0)、千粒重(-0.018 2)、基本苗(-0.137 1)、株高(-0.462 0);主要农艺性状对产量的直接影响由高到低依次为有效穗(0.473 3)、穗实粒数(0.326 2)、千粒重(0.025 0)、基本苗(-0.086 3)、株高(-0.304 8)。最后,提出了保大麦20号高产高效栽培技术:应保证正常数量基本苗,早施、重施种及分蘖肥,促进分蘖提高有效穗,及时灌分蘖水、抽穗杨花水提高结实率和千粒重。

In order to understand the production characteristics of Baodamai 20 in a more comprehensive and detailed manner, results of the multi-point trials of barley in Baoshan City from 2014 to 2015 and the regional trials of feed barley in Yunnan Province from 2015 to 2017 were used as data. Correlation and path of the high yield, stability, adaptability and yield components of Baodamai 20 were analyzed. Results showed that Baodamai 20 was superior to the control varieties in terms of yield, stability, and adaptability, which was an ideal new high-yielding barley variety. The major agronomic traits related to yield from high to low were in the order of effective ears(0.641 3), ears per grain(0.530 0), thousand-grain weight(-0.018 2), basic seedlings(-0.137 1), plant height(-0.462 0);direct effects on yield was in the order of effective panicles(0.473 3), grains per panicle(0.326 2), thousand-grain weight(0.025 0), basic seedlings(-0.086 3) and plant height(-0.304 8). The high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technology of Baodamai 20 was proposed: we should ensure the normal number of basic seedlings, early application, replanting and tillering fertilizer, promote tillering and increase effective ears and timely irrigation of tiller water and heading poplar water to increase seed setting rate and 1 000-kernel weight.