豫东平原农区种草效应研究

Study on the Ecological Benefits of Planting Grass in the Agricultural Area of the Eastern Henan Plain

[目的]研究豫东平原农区"粮-经-饲"三元种植结构模式的经济效应和生态效应。[方法]通过种植业结构调整,增添优质牧草种植,实行三元种植结构模式,优化小麦、玉米、棉花、大豆等主要农作物的最佳搭配比例,提高农民收入,优化农田生态。[结果]农-草-牧的耦合,促进了畜牧业的发展,牛、羊、兔分别增长149.6%、92.6%、91.3%;禽类鸡(肉鸡、蛋鸡)、鸭、鹅分别增长139.3%、188.7%、33.3%,畜产品结构得以调整,减少了粮食消耗;拓宽了物质、能量转化途径,促进了物质能量循环。畜牧业的发展,牧草、秸秆过腹还田,营养元素归还量增多,有机氮比例增大,氮素转化效率显著提高。种植业调整后,每千克氮素产量增长23.1%,有机氮增加33.8%,无机氮有机氮之比为1∶0.8,化肥用量降低,土壤养分比例趋于协调,农田生态进入良性循环。农田养分输入输出状况良好, N、P、K输入均大于输出,保证了农田生态系统的开放型扩大上升循环。[结论]这种"粮-经-饲"协调发展、农牧有机结合的生态系统在豫东平原区具有广阔的推广前景。

[Objective]To study the economic and ecological effects of the "grain-economic crop-feed" ternary planting structure model in the agricultural area of the Eastern Henan Plain.[Method]Through the adjustment of the planting industry structure, added the planting of high-quality forage, implemented a ternary planting structure model, optimized the optimal mix ratio of wheat, corn, cotton, soybean and other major crops, increased farmers’ income and optimized the farmland ecology. [Result]The coupling of agriculture-grass-grazing promoted the development of animal husbandry, with the increase of cattle, sheep and rabbit by 149.6%, 92.6% and 91.3% respectively;poultry chickens(broilers, layer hens), ducks, and geese increased by 139.3%, 188.7%, and 33.3%, respectively, and the structure of animal products was adjusted to reduce food consumption;it has broadened the conversion of matter and energy, and promoted the energy cycle of matter. With the development of animal husbandry, forage and straw were returned to the field, the amount of nutrient elements returned was increased, the proportion of organic nitrogen was increased, and the conversion efficiency of nitrogen was significantly improved.After the adjustment of the planting industry, the nitrogen output per kilogram increased by 23.1%, organic nitrogen increased by 33.8%, the ratio of inorganic nitrogen and organic nitrogen was 1∶0.8, the amount of chemical fertilizers decreased, the soil nutrient ratio tended to be coordinated, and the farmland ecology entered a virtuous cycle.The input and output of nutrients in farmland were in good condition, and the input of N, P and K were greater than the output, which ensured the open and expanding upward cycle of farmland ecosystem. [Conclusion]The ecosystem with the coordinated development of "grain-economic crop-feed" and the organic combination of agriculture and animal husbandry has a broad prospect in the plain area of eastern Henan Province.