养分专家系统推荐施肥对水稻产量的影响

Effects of Nutrient Expert Recommended Fertilization on Rice Yield

[目的]验证水稻养分专家系统(NE)在淮南市潘集地区的应用效果。[方法]通过田间小区试验,设置养分专家系统推荐施肥NE及不施氮(NE-N)、磷(NE-P)、钾(NE-K)和空白无肥的对照CK,并与测土配方施肥ST和农民习惯施肥FP相比较。水稻成熟期考察产量性状,测定籽粒产量。[结果]NE对水稻生长发育具有明显的促进作用,并能显著提高籽粒产量。相较于FP和ST,NE平均节氮23.1%和14.9%,磷肥投入较FP增加12.4%而与ST持平,钾肥用量比FP增多41.6%较ST节省16.6%,氮磷钾比例较为适宜。NE较不施氮、磷、钾的对照分别增产23.68%~72.48%、7.05%~16.05%、5.35%~19.27%,平均增长42.66%、11.63%和12.28%;与CK和FP相比,NE产量相应提高25.90%~84.31%和8.05%~16.17%,平均增产52.95%和12.19%,与ST产量基本持平。氮磷钾的增产效应顺序为N>>K>=P。[结论]水稻养分专家系统NE具有很好的节肥增产效果和技术优势。

[Objective]To study the effects of nutrient expert(NE) on rice yield in Panji District, Huainan City.[Method]Seven treatments were designed in the rice field experiments, including NE,eliminating nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) or potassium(K) input in the NE treatment(NE-N, NE-P, NE-K), no fertilization(CK),farmers’ practices(FP), and soil testing from the local agricultural technical department(ST).The yield traits and grain yield were investigated at harvest.[Result]NE could improve the growth and development of rice and increase yield significantly.P and K fertilizer input in NE treatment were increased 12.4% and 41.6%, while N fertilizer input was decreased 23.1% than in FP.N and K fertilizer input in NE treatment were decreased 14.9% and 16.6% than in ST, while P fertilizer input was almost flat.The yield in NE treatment increased 23.68%-72.48%, 7.05%-16.05% and 5.35%-19.27% than in NE-N, NE-P and NE-K treatments, and the average yield increased 42.66%,11.63% and 12.28%.Compared with CK and FP treatments, the yield in NE treatment increased 25.90%-84.31% and 8.05%-16.17%,and the average yield increased 52.95% and 12.19%.The yield in NE treatment was fairly flat with yield in ST treatment.The yield-increasing effect was followed as N>>K>=P fertilizer.[Conclusion]The NE recommendation for rice not only increased the yield, but also reduced the fertilization amounts, was superior to the other recommended fertilization method.